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to make a solemn vow

  • 1 vow

    [vau]
    1. noun
    a solemn promise, especially one made to God:

    The monks have made/taken a vow of silence

    marriage vows.

    نَذْر
    2. verb
    1) to make a solemn promise (that):

    He vowed that he would die rather than surrender.

    يُنْذِر
    2) to threaten:

    He vowed revenge on all his enemies.

    يُهَددِّ، يُنْذِر

    Arabic-English dictionary > vow

  • 2 heit

    * * *
    n.
    1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s heit, to make a solemn vow;
    2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).
    * * *
    n. a solemn promise, vow; munu yðr heit hans öll föst, Eg. 28, Þorst. St. 55; efnt þykkisk þú hafa heit þín, en nú eru eptir mín heit, Nj. 59; en í engum heitum ( engagement) vil ek bindask, Ó. H. 32: in sing. a vow, holy vow, kvað engan hlut batna munu við þat heit, Rd. 248; er honum þótti sem þegit mundi heitið, Glúm. 348; efla heit, to make a vow, Gísl. 90; stofna heit, id., Fms. ii. 16, Sturl. i. 222; festa heit, id., Bs. i. 184: but esp., strengja heit, to make a solemn vow (in the heathen time, whence heit-strenging), Fs. 122, Ísl. ii. 166, Fms. i. 3, xi. 26, Fb. ii. 353, Hrafn. 5; enda heit sitt, Fb. ii. 371: eccl. a vow, offra Drottni heit sín, Stj. 429; heit öll ok testamenta, K. Á. 216: a promise (in marriage), hann bað konunnar ok fékk heitið hennar, Edda 23; bregða föstu heiti, to break a promise, Alm. 5.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > heit

  • 3 обет

    vow, pledge
    давам обет vow, take a vow
    дал съм обет be under a vow
    * * *
    обѐт,
    м., -и, (два) обѐта vow, pledge; давам \обет vow, take a vow; давам тържествен \обет make a solemn vow; дал съм \обет be under a vow.
    * * *
    pledge: take a обет - давам обет
    * * *
    1. vow, pledge 2. давам ОБЕТ vow, take a vow 3. давам тържествен - make a solemn vow 4. дал съм ОБЕТ be under a vow

    Български-английски речник > обет

  • 4 HEIT

    * * *
    n.
    1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s heit, to make a solemn vow;
    2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).
    * * *
    n. pl. [cp. Ulf. wota = ἀπειλή], threatening words or gestures, threats, Lat. minae; standa undir heitum ok íllyrðum, Bs. i. 728; heit ok harðyrði, Barl. 194; köld heit, Edda (Ht.); þeirra heit dvínuðu, Edda (in a verse); af heitum, from his threatening gestures, Am. 19.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HEIT

  • 5 serment

    serment [sεʀmɑ̃]
    masculine noun
       a. (solennel) oath
       b. ( = promesse) pledge
    * * *
    sɛʀmɑ̃
    nom masculin
    2) ( promesse) liter vow
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    sɛʀmɑ̃ nm
    1) DROIT oath

    prêter serment — to take the oath, to take an oath

    sous serment — under oath, on oath

    2) (= promesse) pledge, vow

    faire le serment de — to take a vow to, to swear to

    * * *
    serment nm
    1 ( devant une autorité) oath; déclarer sous serment to declare on GB ou under oath; prêter serment to take the oath; un serment professionnel a professional oath;
    2 ( promesse) liter vow; faire (le) serment de faire to make a solemn vow to do; échanger des serments to exchange vows; ⇒ faux.
    le serment d'Hippocrate Méd the Hippocratic oath; un serment d'ivrogne an empty promise; le serment du Jeu de Paume Hist vow taken in 1789 by the French Assembly to create a constitution.
    [sɛrmɑ̃] nom masculin
    1. [parole solennelle] oath
    2. [promesse] pledge
    des serments d'amour pledges ou vows of love

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > serment

  • 6 strengja

    (-da, -dr), v. to fasten with a string, bind tight (hosan strengd at beini); hann strengdi alt í milli skipanna ok bryggnanna, he stretched cables between the ships and the bridges; s. or s. aptr dyrr, to fasten the door; s. e-n inni or úti, to shut one in or out; s. heit or s. e-s heit, to make a solemn vow.
    * * *
    ð, [strengr], to string, fasten with a string, to bind tight; hosan strengd at beini, Eg. 602; sterkliga saman strengt, Stj. 12; strengdr niðr í kistuna, Pr. 412; s. aptr dyr, kirkju, hlið, port, to fasten the door, Grett. 159, Bs. ii. 76, Mar.; s. e-n inni or úti, to shut one in or out, Karl. 152, Stj. 40; þeir létu búa um akkeri, ok strengja um viðu, Fms. viii. 113; hann strengdi allt í milli skipanna ok bryggnanna, stretched cables between the ships and the bridges, 121; steinninn á sleða settr ok ramliga strengdr, Mar.
    2. the phrase, strengja heit, or s. e-s heit, to ‘fasten a vow,’ make a solemn vow, Fs. 122, Hrafn. 5, Fms. i. 3, xi. 26, 109–112, Fb. ii. 353, Ísl. ii. 166; see heit, heit-strenging.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > strengja

  • 7 geloben

    v/t geh. solemnly promise (jemandem etw. s.o. s.th.); eidlich: vow, pledge; sich (Dat) geloben zu (+ Inf.) solemnly resolve to (+ Inf.) jemandem ewige Treue geloben vow eternal fidelity to s.o.; ich gelobe hiermit Besserung I hereby solemnly promise to reform (oft iro.)
    * * *
    to swear; to vow
    * * *
    ge|lo|ben [gə'loːbn] ptp gelobt
    vt (geh)
    to vow, to swear

    ich habe mir gelobt, das Rauchen aufzugeben — I've vowed or made a pledge or sworn to give up smoking

    ich schwöre und gelobe,... — I (do) solemnly swear and promise...

    * * *
    (to make a solemn promise (that): He vowed that he would die rather than surrender.) vow
    * * *
    ge·lo·ben *
    [gəˈlo:bn̩]
    ▪ [jdm] etw \geloben to vow [or pledge] sth [to sb]
    jdm Gefolgschaft \geloben to swear [or pledge] [or vow] [one's] allegiance to sb
    ein einsichtigeres Verhalten \geloben to swear to behave more reasonably
    ▪ [jdm] \geloben, etw zu tun to swear [or vow] [to sb] that one will do sth
    * * *
    transitives Verb (geh.) vow

    jemandem Treue geloben — vow to be faithful to somebody

    sich (Dat.) geloben, etwas zu tun — vow to oneself or make a solemn resolve to do something

    * * *
    geloben v/t geh solemnly promise (
    jemandem etwas sb sth); eidlich: vow, pledge;
    sich (dat)
    geloben zu (+inf) solemnly resolve to (+inf)
    jemandem ewige Treue geloben vow eternal fidelity to sb;
    ich gelobe hiermit Besserung I hereby solemnly promise to reform (oft iron)
    * * *
    transitives Verb (geh.) vow

    sich (Dat.) geloben, etwas zu tun — vow to oneself or make a solemn resolve to do something

    * * *
    v.
    to vow v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > geloben

  • 8 Gelübde

    n; -s, -; geh. vow; ein Gelübde ablegen / brechen take ( oder make) / break a vow
    * * *
    das Gelübde
    vow
    * * *
    Ge|lụ̈b|de [gə'lʏpdə]
    nt -s, -(REL geh)
    vow

    ein/das Gelübde ablegen or tun — to take a vow

    * * *
    Ge·lüb·de
    <-s, ->
    [gəˈlʏpdə]
    nt (geh) vow
    ein/sein \Gelübde ablegen to take a/one's vow
    * * *
    Gelübde n; -s, -; geh vow;
    ein Gelübde ablegen/brechen take ( oder make)/break a vow
    * * *
    - n.
    solemn promise n.
    vow n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Gelübde

  • 9 기약하다

    v. vow, swear, make a solemn promise

    Korean-English dictionary > 기약하다

  • 10 संकल्प


    saṉ-kalpa

    saṉ-kalpá
    m. (ifc. f. ā) conception orﾠ idea orﾠ notion formed in the mind orﾠ heart, (esp.) will, volition, desire, purpose, definite intention orﾠ determination orﾠ decision orﾠ wish for (with loc. dat., orﾠ ifc.), sentiment, conviction, persuasion;

    (ibc. often = « intentionally», « purposely», « on purpose», « according to will», etc.;
    acc. with kṛi, « to form a resolution, make up one's mind») AV. etc. etc.;
    idea orﾠ expectation of any advantage W. ;
    a solemn vow orﾠ determination to perform any ritual observance, declaration of purpose (e.g.. a declaration by a widow of her intention to burn herself with her deceased husband) W. ;
    the Will personified (as a son of Saṃ-kalpā andﾠ Brahmā.) Hariv. MārkP. ;
    (ā) f. N. of a daughter of Daksha (the wife of Dharma andﾠ mother of Saṃkalpa) Hariv. ;
    of Manu's wife Hariv.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > संकल्प

  • 11 Gelöbnis

    n; -ses, -se; geh. (solemn) promise; eidlich: pledge, vow
    * * *
    das Gelöbnis
    plight
    * * *
    Ge|löb|nis [gə'løːpnɪs]
    nt -ses, -se (geh)
    vow

    ein or das Gelö́bnis ablegen — to take a vow

    * * *
    Ge·löb·nis
    <-ses, -se>
    [gəˈlø:pnɪs, pl gəˈlø:pnɪsə]
    nt
    1. (geh) vow
    ein \Gelöbnis ablegen to take a vow
    2. MIL vow
    das \Gelöbnis ablegen to be sworn in
    * * *
    das; Gelöbnisses, Gelöbnisse (geh.) vow

    ein Gelöbnis ablegen od. leisten — make or take a vow

    * * *
    Gelöbnis n; -ses, -se; geh (solemn) promise; eidlich: pledge, vow
    * * *
    das; Gelöbnisses, Gelöbnisse (geh.) vow

    ein Gelöbnis ablegen od. leisten — make or take a vow

    * * *
    -se n.
    pledge n.
    promise n.
    vow n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Gelöbnis

  • 12 обещание

    promise; pledge
    давам обещание make a promise, promise, hold out a promise
    изпълнявам обещанието си keep/redeem o.'s promise, act to o.'s promise, fulfil o.'s pledge; be as good as o.'s word/promise, keep o.'s word
    не изпълнявам обещание то си break o.'s promise/word, go back on o.'s promise/word
    * * *
    обеща̀ние,
    ср., -я promise; pledge; давам \обещаниее make a promise, promise, hold out a promise; изпълнявам \обещаниеето си keep/redeem o.’s promise, act to o.’s promise, fulfil o.’s pledge; be as good as o.’s word/promise, keep o.’s word; клетвено \обещаниее oath; мълчаливо \обещаниее virtual promise; не изпълнявам \обещаниеето си break o.’s promise/word, go back on o.’s promise/word; тези \обещаниея са вятър и мъгла these promises are a snare and a delusion; тържествено \обещаниее solemn promise, vow.
    * * *
    promise: virtual обещание - мълчаливо обещание, keep one's обещание - спазвам обещание; commitment; engagement; vow (тържествено); word
    * * *
    1. promise;pledge 2. давам ОБЕЩАНИЕ make a promise, promise, hold out a promise 3. изпълнявам ОБЕЩАНИЕто си keep/redeem o.'s promise, act to o.'s promise, fulfil o.'s pledge;be as good as o.'s word/promise, keep o.'s word 4. клетвено ОБЕЩАНИЕ oath 5. мълчаливо ОБЕЩАНИЕ a virtual promise 6. не изпълнявам ОБЕЩАНИЕ то си break o.'s promise/word, go back on o.'s promise/word 7. тържествено ОБЕЩАНИЕ a solemn promise, vow

    Български-английски речник > обещание

  • 13 клятва клятв·а

    давать клятву — to swear / to make / to take an oath, to make a vow

    нарушить клятву — to break / violate (one's) oath, to break a vow

    сдержать клятва — to hold / to keep an oath / a vow

    нерушимая клятва — inviolable / sacred oath; ironclad oath разг.

    давать клятву верности — to pledge / to swear allegiance

    нарушить клятву верности — to abandon / to renounce / to repudiate allegiance

    клятва, которую не собираются сдержать — left-handed oath

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > клятва клятв·а

  • 14 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

  • 15 зарок

    м.
    vow, pledge, solemn promise

    он дал зарок не пить — he has taken the pledge, или he has solemnly sworn, not to drink

    взять зарок с кого-л. — make* smb. vow, или give a solemn promise

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > зарок

  • 16 зарок

    м.
    vow, pledge, solemn promise

    он дал заро́к не пить — he has taken the pledge [he has solemnly sworn] not to drink

    взять заро́к с кого́-л — make smb vow [give a solemn promise]

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > зарок

  • 17 eed

    1  oath ⇒ vow
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   een eed op het sterfbed • a dying oath
         een eed van trouw aan de koning • an oath of allegiance to the king
         een plechtige eed • a solemn oath/vow
         een eed doen/afleggen/zweren • swear an oath, swear
         een eed herroepen/intrekken • unswear
         iemand onder ede horen • examine someone on oath
         iemand de eed opleggen/laten afleggen • make someone take an oath
         de eed weigeren • refuse to take the oath
         onder ede staan • be under oath
         iets onder ede verklaren • declare something on oath; 〈 voornamelijk schriftelijk〉 depose something
         een getuige onder ede • a sworn witness
         ik zou er een/geen eed op willen doen • I could swear/not swear to it
         eed op de bijbel • oath sworn on the Bible

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > eed

  • 18 सत्य


    satya
    satyá

    mf (ā)n. true, real, actual, genuine, sincere, honest, truthful, faithful, pure, virtuous, good. successful, effectual, valid ( satyaṉ-kṛi, « to make true, ratify, realise, fulfil») RV. etc. etc.;

    m. the uppermost of the seven Lokas orﾠ worlds (the abode of Brahmā. andﾠ heaven of truth;
    seeﾠ loka) L. ;
    N. of the ninth Kalpa (q.v.) Pur. ;
    the Aṡvattha tree L. ;
    N. of Vishṇu L. ;
    of Rāma-candra L. ;
    of a supernatural being Gaut. VarBṛS. Hcat. ;
    of a deity presiding over the Nāndī-mukha Ṡrāddha L. ;
    of one of the Viṡve Devāh Cat. ;
    of a Vyāsa Cat. ;
    of a son of Havir-dhāna BhP. ;
    of a son of Vitatya MBh. ;
    of one of the 7 Ṛishis in various Manvantaras Hariv. Pur. ;
    (with ācārya) N. of an astronomer (author of the Horā-ṡāstra) VarBṛS. ;
    pl. N. of a class of gods in various Manvantaras Hariv. Pur. ;
    (ā) f. speaking the truth, sincerity, veracity W. ;
    a partic. Ṡakti Pañcar. ;
    N. of Durgā Cat. ;
    of Ṡitā L. ;
    of Satyavatī (mother of Vyāsa) L. ;
    = satya-bhāmā MBh. Hariv. Ṡiṡ. ;
    of the family deity of the Kutsas andﾠ Atharvans Cat. ;
    of a daughter of Dharma ( andﾠ wife of Ṡaṃ-yu) MBh. ;
    of the mother of Satya (= tushita) VP. ;
    of the wife of Manthu ( andﾠ mother of Bhauvana) BhP. ;
    of a daughter of Nagna-jit ( andﾠ wife of Kṛishṇa) ib. ;
    (am) n. truth, reality ( satyena, « truly», « certainly», « really» ;
    kásmātsátyāt, « for what reason, how is it that?» ténasatyéna, « for that reason, so truly» ;
    yathā-tena < orﾠ evaṉ> satyena, « as-so truly» ;
    with Buddhists truth is of two kinds, viz. saṉvṛiti- andﾠ paramâ̱rtha-satyam, « truth by general consent» andﾠ « self-evident truth» Dharmas. 95 ;
    for the four fundamental truths of Buddhists seeﾠ MWB. 43; 56) RV. etc. etc.;
    speaking the truth, sincerity, veracity KenUp. Mn. R. etc.. ;
    a solemn asseveration, vow, promise, oath ( satyaṉcikīrshamāṇa, « wishing to fulfil one's promise orﾠ keep one's word») AV. etc. etc.;
    demonstrated conclusion, dogma W. ;
    the quality of goodness orﾠ purity orﾠ knowledge MW. ;
    the first of the four Yugas orﾠ ages (= 1. - kṛitá q.v.) L. ;
    a partic. mythical weapon R. ;
    the uppermost of the 7 Lokas ( seeﾠ under m.) Vedântas. BhP. ;
    one of the 7 Vyāhṛitis L. ;
    partic. Satya-formula ĀṡvṠr. ;
    = udaka, water Naigh. I, 12 ;
    ( alsoﾠ with prajāpateḥ) N. of Sāmans ĀrshBr. ṠrS. ;
    (ám) ind. (gaṇa câ̱di andﾠ svar-ādi) truly, indeed, certainly, verily, necessarily, yes, very well
    ( satyam-tu, kiṉtu, tathâ̱pi, « it is true - but, yet, however» ;
    yatsasyam, « indeed, certainly») RV. etc. etc.
    + cf. accord. toﾠ some, Gk. ἐτεός
    - सत्यकर्ण
    - सत्यकर्मन्
    - सत्यकाम
    - सत्यकाय
    - सत्यकारुण्यवेदिन्
    - सत्यकीर्ति
    - सत्यकृत्
    - सत्यकेतु
    - सत्यक्रिया
    - सत्यक्षेत्रमाहात्म्य
    - सत्यखान
    - सत्यग
    - सत्यगिर्
    - सत्यग्रन्थिन्
    - सत्यघ्न
    - सत्यंकार
    - सत्यचूडामणि
    - सत्यजा
    - सत्यजित्
    - सत्यजिति
    - सत्यज्ञ
    - सत्यज्ञानानन्दतीर्थ
    - सत्यज्योतिस्
    - सत्यतपस्
    - सत्यतम
    - सत्यतर
    - सत्यतस्
    - सत्यता
    - सत्यतात्
    - सत्यताति
    - सत्यतितिक्षावत्
    - सत्यत्व
    - सत्यदर्शिन्
    - सत्यदूत
    - सत्यदृश्
    - सत्यदेव
    - सत्यधन
    - सत्यधर
    - सत्यधर्म
    - सत्यधर्मन्
    - सत्यधामन्
    - सत्यधृत
    - सत्यधृति
    - सत्यध्वज
    - सत्यध्वृत्
    - सत्यनाथ
    - सत्यनाम
    - सत्यनामन्
    - सत्यनारायण
    - सत्यनिधि
    - सत्यनिधितीर्थ
    - सत्यनिधिविलास
    - सत्यनेत्र
    - सत्यप
    - सत्यपर
    - सत्यपराक्रम
    - सत्यपरायणतीर्थ
    - सत्यपारमिता
    - सत्यपाल
    - सत्यपाश
    - सत्यपुर
    - सत्यपुष्टि
    - सत्यपूत
    - सत्यपूर्णतीर्थ
    - सत्यप्रतिज्ञ
    - सत्यप्रतिश्रव
    - सत्यप्रतिष्ठान
    - सत्यप्रबोधभट्टारक
    - सत्यप्रवाद
    - सत्यप्रसव
    - सत्यप्रसवस्
    - सत्यप्राशू
    - सत्यप्रियतीर्थ
    - सत्यफल
    - सत्यबन्ध
    - सत्यबोध
    - सत्यभामा
    - सत्यभारत
    - सत्यभाषण
    - सत्यभूय
    - सत्यभेदिन्
    - सत्यमद्वन्
    - सत्यमन्त्र
    - सत्यमन्मन्
    - सत्यमय
    - सत्यमान
    - सत्यमुग्र
    - सत्यमृषाविवेक
    - सत्यमेधस्
    - सत्यमौद्गल
    - सत्यम्भरा
    - सत्ययज्
    - सत्ययज्ञ
    - सत्ययुग
    - सत्ययोनि
    - सत्ययौवन
    - सत्यरत
    - सत्यरथ
    - सत्यरथि
    - सत्यराजन्
    - सत्यराधस्
    - सत्यरूप
    - सत्यलोक
    - सत्यलौकिक
    - सत्यवक्तृ
    - सत्यवचन
    - सत्यवचस्
    - सत्यवत्
    - सत्यवदन
    - सत्यवद्य
    - सत्यवर
    - सत्यवर्त्मन्
    - सत्यवर्मन्
    - सत्यवर्यार्य
    - सत्यवसु
    - सत्यवाक
    - सत्यवाक्य
    - सत्यवाच्
    - सत्यवाचक
    - सत्यवाद
    - सत्यवादिन्
    - सत्यवाह
    - सत्यवाहन
    - सत्यविक्रम
    - सत्यविजयतीर्थ
    - सत्यविजयशिष्य
    - सत्यविद्या
    - सत्यवीरतीर्थ
    - सत्यवृत्त
    - सत्यवृत्ति
    - सत्यवृध्
    - सत्यव्यवस्था
    - सत्यव्रत
    - सत्यशपथ
    - सत्यशवस्
    - सत्यशील
    - सत्यशीलिन्
    - सत्यशुष्म
    - सत्यश्रवस्
    - सत्यश्रावण
    - सत्यश्री
    - सत्यश्रुत्
    - सत्यसंरक्षण
    - सत्यसंरक्षिन्
    - सत्यसंश्रव
    - सत्यसंहित
    - सत्यसंकल्प
    - सत्यसंकाश
    - सत्यसंगर
    - सत्यसती
    - सत्यसत्वन्
    - सत्यसद्
    - सत्यसंतुष्टतीर्थ
    - सत्यसंध
    - सत्यसंनिभ
    - सत्यसव
    - सत्यसवन
    - सत्यसवस्
    - सत्यसह्
    - सत्यसहस्
    - सत्यसाक्षिन्
    - सत्यसाधन
    - सत्यसामन्
    - सत्यसार
    - सत्यसूत्र
    - सत्यसेन
    - सत्यस्थ
    - सत्यस्रवस्
    - सत्यस्वप्न
    - सत्यहविस्
    - सत्यहव्य
    - सत्यहित

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > सत्य

См. также в других словарях:

  • make a solemn resolution — index promise (vow) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • vow — [vou] n. [ME vou < OFr < L votum: see VOTE] 1. a solemn promise or pledge, esp. one made to God or a god, dedicating oneself to an act, service, or way of life 2. a solemn promise of love and fidelity [marriage vows] 3. a solemn affirmation …   English World dictionary

  • vow — [n] promise affiance, assertion, asseveration, oath, pledge, profession, troth, word of honor; concepts 278,689 Ant. breach, break vow [v] make a solemn promise affirm, assure, consecrate, covenant, cross one’s heart*, declare, dedicate, devote,… …   New thesaurus

  • vow — /vaʊ / (say vow) noun 1. a solemn promise, pledge, or personal engagement: marriage vows; a vow of secrecy. 2. a solemn or earnest declaration. 3. a solemn, religiously binding promise made to God or to any deity or saint, as to perform some act …  

  • vow — vower, n. vowless, adj. /vow/, n. 1. a solemn promise, pledge, or personal commitment: marriage vows; a vow of secrecy. 2. a solemn promise made to a deity or saint committing oneself to an act, service, or condition. 3. a solemn or earnest… …   Universalium

  • vow — I n. 1) to make, take a vow 2) to keep one s vow 3) to break, violate a vow 4) a formal, solemn vow 5) clerical; marriage; monastic; religious vows (priests take religious vows) 6) a vow to + inf. (she made a solemn vow not to smoke again) 7) a… …   Combinatory dictionary

  • vow — vaÊŠ n. pledge; solemn promise v. pledge; make a solemn promise …   English contemporary dictionary

  • vow — 1 n: a solemn promise or statement; esp: one by which a person is bound to an act, service, or condition marriage vow s vow 2 vt 1: to promise solemnly 2: to bind or commit by a vow vi: to make a vow …   Law dictionary

  • Vow — Vow, v. i. To make a vow, or solemn promise. [1913 Webster] Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay. Eccl. v. 5. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • vow — [[t]vaʊ[/t]] n. 1) a solemn promise, pledge, or personal commitment: marriage vows; a vow of secrecy[/ex] 2) rel a solemn promise made to a deity or saint committing oneself to an act, service, or condition 3) a solemn or earnest declaration 4)… …   From formal English to slang

  • vow — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun ADJECTIVE ▪ solemn ▪ marriage, wedding ▪ monastic, religious, sacred ▪ final …   Collocations dictionary

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